مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیستم شماره 6 (پیاپی 111، شهریور 1392)

Patients treated with hemodialysis often have difficulties in coping with the stresses of illness. Awareness of the various stressors and used coping methods provides significant help for the effective care of people with chronic illnesses. Therefore، the aim of this study was to determine the stressors and coping methods in hemodialysis patients. In this cross - sectional study using census method to examine the stressors and coping methods in 70 patients undergoing hemodialysis in Tabriz Imam Reza teaching hospital in 1388. Method of data collection was structured interview using questionnaire. Questionnaire was consisted of three parts; demographic characteristics، Hemodialysis stressor scale، and Jalowiec Coping Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 15 and utilizing of descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The main stressors in these patients were psychosocial factors that emotional focused coping methods were most used in response to these agents. Overall mean of stress severity in patients was 41/88 ± 9/14 that identified as the «middle». The mean score of using adjustment methods was 70/94 ± 18/19، which has been interpreted in categories as «it can use Sometimes». The mean scores of effective coping methods was 49/57 ± 19/42، which was interpreted in categories as «that method was somewhat effective». There was a significant relationship between income and stressors and also a weak negative correlation between age and using of coping methods. Considering the frequent exposure of patients with psychosocial stressors and inadequate utilization of coping techniques particularly the effective type of these methods in these patients، the education، counseling and support programs should be delivered in order to facilitate the adaptation process in hemodialyzed patients with these stressors.

Measurement of estradiol level in women under treatment with ovulation induction drugs to make sure about sufficient ovum number in the infertility treatment protocol and also to prevent OHSS phenomenon، is an important and necessary factor. In case of high levels of Estradiol hormone، routine methods are unable to detect the real concentration of the hormone molecules. We are aimed to demonstrate the sensitivity of the ELISA method for Estradiol measurement and reliable range of this test.

In this cross-sectional study، 132 women were studied who have appealed to Avicenna infertility clinic for infertility treatment and have stimulated with ovulation induction drugs. DRG ELISA Estradiol kit made in Germany was used in this study. According to the studied population، serum Estradiol levels were higher than 200Pg/ml. To check the linearity of this method، serum samples of all these patients diluted 1:4 and were compared using EXCEL software and charts.

It was observed that، in Estradiol hormone concentrations higher than 2000 Pg/ml، the difference between the diluted and undiluted graphs increased and the linearity of the graph disappeared without dilution.

Dilution is necessary for the serum Estradiol concentrations more than 2000 Pg/ml and the results without dilution is not reliable. It should be considered in all infertility laboratories and also in other labs that the test linearity should be appointed in each lab to be applied in cases with higher concentrations.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of fasting during Ramadan (as a dietary pattern) and regular aerobic exercise on LCN2، lipid profile and insulin resistance indexes in non-active obese men. This study was a semi-experimental research with a repeated measures design. In this study 18 obese men with a range of 40 to 50 years old and BMI over 30 kg per square meter after a public call among of 70 subjects were selected randomly. Subjects were divided into fasting (N=9) and fasting and exercise (N=9) groups. The first group did only fasting and the second group did exercise for 27 sessionsin addition to fasting. In order to evaluate the changes in the month of Ramadan، blood samples were taken four different times. Repeated measures analysis of variance in the level of p <0/05 were used to analyse the data. Results showed that LCN2 levels in both groups decreased in Ramadan month; however، this reduction was significant only in the fasting and exercise group (p<0/05). Also، both groups had decreased levels of insulin resistance that significant reduction was noticed in the fasting group (p<0/05). In addition، LCN2 levels in the fourth week of Ramadan was significantly associated with levels of insulin resistance in obese men (p<0/05). Results of the research showed that reduced levels of LCN2 by both fasting and exercise may lead to decrease of insulin resistance in obese men.

Regarding the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of non alcoholic fatty liver disease and decrease of serum antioxidants concentration in these patients، this study was conducted to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice intake in weight loss diet of these patients. In this quasi-experimental trial (IRCT: 201102232709N17)، 35 patients with the diagnosis ofnon alcoholic fatty liver disease were selected. Initially، a weight loss diet was designed for each participant. One glass of pomegranate juice (250 mililiter) was substituted for required 2 servings of fruit for 3 months. Dietary intake، physical activity، anthropometric indices، and lipid profile before and after the study were measured. Statistical analysis were carried out using SPSS 19. 0 by Wilcox on and paired t tests. From 35 participants، 33 (9 women and 24 men) completed the study. Pomegranate juice intake along with weight loss diet resulted in significant decrease in liver enzymes and increase in HDL-cholesterol (p= 0. 01). Other lipid profile variables had no significant changes. According to the results of this study، pomegranate juice intake along with weight loss diet can be effective in improving clinical status of these patients and decreasing cardio-vascular risk.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic endocrine diseases that is along with disorder in metabolism of carbohydrate، fat and protein. Usage ofcyto-morphometric method in evaluation of qualitative and quantitative changes in epithelium of oral mucosa remained unknown and few studies have been done in diabetic patients in thisregard. Therefore، the goal of this study is to compare epithelium of oral mucosa in type I and II diabetic patients and healthy people. In this case control study، smear cytology from epithelium of oral mucosa (Lateral border of tongue and right side of buccal mucosa) in 24 Patients with diabetes (9 cases type I and 15 cases type II) and 30 healthy people (15 cases control I، and 15 control II) has been prepared and has been stained with papa-Nikolaou method. The average of size of nucleus، cytoplasm and nuclear to cytoplasm ratio in each group has been measured usingMotic Plus2 software. Additionally، qualitative evaluation of cytological slides was done in three groups، diabetic patients type I، II، and healthy people. There was a decrease in nuclear and cytoplasmic size (p< 0. 001) and nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio in buccal mucosa (p= 0. 001) and tongue (p=0. 011) of diabetic patients compared with the healthy control. No significant statistical difference in quantitative cyto-morphometric features of buccal mucosa (p= 0. 15) and tongue (p= 0. 86) of diabetic types I and II was found. In the nucleus and cytoplasmic size، there was a statistical significant difference between the patientes with diabetes I and control I and also between diabetes type II and control II groups in the area buccal mucosa and tongue (p< 0. 001). Double- or multi-lobed nucleus، karryorhexis، and vacuolization of cytoplasm in diabetic patients were higher than the healthy control (p< 0. 001). Diabetes leads to cyto–morphometric quantitative and qualitative changes in oral mucosa، but type of diabetes does not seem to be effective on these changes.

This study was to examine the effects of endurance training and omega-3 supplementation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the male adult rat hippocampus. Twenty eight Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups: control، exercise، diet، and exercise with diet Animals in the exercise group received 8 weeks of endurance training and animals in the diet group were treated with 100/mg/kg/day of omega-3 supplementation via oral gavage for 8weeks. The exercise with diet group received a combination of exercise and also supplementation. Hippocampal BDNF protein was assessed using commercial ELISA methods andthe data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (p<0. 05). The results showed that BDNF level showed no significance increase in the exercise and diet alone groups.، Moreover، the diet and exercise group revealed a significant increase in BDNF level in comparison with the control and the exercise groups; but it was not significant compared with the diet group. The results of the present study suggest that concurrent administration of omega-3 diet and endurance training has an additive effect in the BDNF level in adult male rat hippocampus.

Blood safety is one of the basic goals of blood centers in the world. Confidential self-exclusion system is used with routine diagnostic tests to detect transfusion transmitted infections. This study aimed to investigate efficacy of these systems onimprovement of blood safety in Bushehr Blood Centers. In this retrospective study the rate of confidential self-exclusion was compared among regular and first-time blood donors of Bushehr province. Data were collected from Bushehr Blood Transfusion Organization. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. In this study from a total of 39921 blood donors، 909 cases (2. 1%) were determined as confidential self-exclusion; 64. 4% of them were first time donor. All HIV positive patients had excluded their blood. The results revealed that the self-exclusion method is an appropriate way to increase blood safety. It has also indicated that it is possible to exclude infected donors during incubation period.

Nanotechnology is a principally attractive area of research related with production of nanoparticles of variable sizes، shapes، chemical compositions، dispersity and their possible application for human being benefits. Creation، manipulation and utilization of metallic nanoparticles، because of reduction of materials dimensions، affect the physical properties and results in displaying extraordinary thermal، optical and electronic properties of nonmaterial. The biological approaches to synthesis of nanoparticles are better than chemical and physical procedures because of low energy and time expenditure. This method requires no toxic solvents and no dangerous material for environment. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly method and uses natural solvent.

In this study، the extract of Achillea wilhelmsii as the reducing agent، is used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. By adding silver nitrate in concentration of 20 mM to extract، the reaction did at room temperature and the color changed from pale yellow to dark showed the silver nanoparticles were generated.

The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the presence of an absorption peak at 450 nm using spectrophotometer. The size and shape of silver nanoparticles were monitored using scanning electron microscopy that shape of particles was spherical and average size of them was about 110 nm. Precise size and change range of nanoparticles measured by Particle Size Analysis (PSA) between 39-226 nm.

In this study، silver nanoparticles were produced with an eco-friendly biologic approach and without using any harmful chemical.

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium which is frequently found as part of the normal flora on the skin and nasal passages. S. aureus can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections to life-threatening diseases. The organism is able to developresistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Resistance to antibiotic is one of the major public health problems and، nowadays، widespread use of antibiotics is playing a significant role in the emergence of theresistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to detect antibiotic resistance of different strains of S. aureus to current antibiotics. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performedon eight different strains of S. aureus. Initially، appropriate samplesweretakenand then، the morphological، chemical or enzymatic tests were doneto confirm diagnosis. Finnally، using disc diffusion agar، the effects of different antibiotic discs were evaluated. All strains were sensitive to six antibiotics includingChlorotetracycline، Gentamycin، Oxytetracycline، Trimethoprim -Sulfametoxasol،Rifampicin and Tobramycin،while all strains were resistant just to three antibiotics including Vancomycin، Oxacillin and Ceftazidime. Each strain showed different sensitivity and resistance rate to other antibiotics. With due regard to the differences in antibioticssensitivity and resistance rate in different strains، evaluation of antibiotic resistance is necessary for treatment of microbial infections.